研究の対象は、ケニアで大規模に実施されている孤児や脆弱な子供たちに対する現金給付プログラム（Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children: CT-OVC）。世界銀行によれば、2011年3月時点で、孤児や弱い立場にある子供約25万人（最も貧しいOVCの約40%、約8万世帯）が受給し、貧困削減、就学率、ID登録の改善に寄与していると評価されている。
The State of Food and Agriculture 2015 report finds that social protection schemes – such as cash transfers, school feeding and public works – offer an economical way to provide vulnerable people with opportunities to move out of extreme poverty and hunger and to improve their children’s health, education and life chances. It especially makes the case that social protection measures will help break the cycle of rural poverty and vulnerability, when combined with broader agricultural and rural development measures. The report uses results from the research carried out by the From Protection to Production (PtoP) project and The Transfer Project.
社会保障制度の分析・計画へ税制の議論を取り入れる（ODI）
Social protection and tax policy are commonly examined separately, yet they are strongly linked. This paper contributes to efforts to include tax considerations in social protection analysis and design by discussing the key methodological issues in carrying out joint distributional analysis, reviewing the evidence on the incidence and distributional impact of taxes and transfers and discussing alternative tax revenue sources and their implications for social protection financing and sustainability.
It is often assumed that social protection leads to social inclusion and other well-being indicators. Yet evidence of this impact is weak. Cash transfers are a social protection tool designed to reduce poverty which can also have an impact on human development indicators such as health and education. In the district of Sarlahi, Nepal, cash transfer amounts are too low to improve health and education opportunities or productive pursuits and thus to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty. However, the transfer allows beneficiaries to participate more in community activities, increases their access to information and social networks, and enhances the social contract and people’s relationship with the state. This breaks down some of the invisible barriers that perpetuate exclusion. Cash transfers can facilitate social inclusion but are not enough alone to achieve substantive inclusion.
The Child Grant cash transfer in Nepal is targeted at all households with children aged up to five years in the Karnali zone and at poor Dalit households in the rest of the country. Its objective is to improve children’s nutrition. The focus of this study is specifically on how the Grant works for Dalit households. It examines the current issues with the Child Grant programme and identifies six key policy recommendations to improve its effectiveness. A Briefing paper is also available.
This Research Guide describes in detail the sequencing, timing and methodology of the research process to be implemented in each country of study: training; fieldwork preparation; a simple and clear fieldwork roadmap; the theory of change hypotheses for the studies; guiding questions and research tools. The Guide will be used for conducting qualitative research as part of this programme and will also serve as a basis for future FAO research in social protection and decent rural employment.
Following the recent earthquakes in Nepal this article examines the contribution and potential of Nepal’s emergent social protection system towards supporting the resilience of poor households to shocks and stresses.
Just over one-in-two (51 percent) children were at risk of poverty last year, compared with 50.5 percent when Bucharest joined the bloc in 2007. Romania has the highest percentage of under-18s at risk of poverty in the EU and has fared far worse than its neighbour Bulgaria, which has seen a drop from 61 percent to 45.2 percent over the same period.
In terms of income, the poverty line will be set at VND700,000 (US$30.6) a person a month in the countryside, and VND900,000 ($39.3) in urban areas, he said. In 2011-15, the benchmark has been VND400,000 ($17.5) and VND500,000 ($21.8) respectively… It is estimated that around 12 percent of Vietnamese households will be regarded as living in poverty and 6 percent near poverty when the new line is applied.
The MPI measures people’s income, as well as their lack of access to basic public services such as healthcare, education, housing, clean water, sanitation and information.
Regarding sustainable poverty reduction for 2016 to 2020, the resolution sets a target of an average drop of 1.0 per cent to 1.5 per cent in the household poverty rate and 4 per cent annually in impoverished localities.
Citizen surveys are the most comprehensive means available to track poverty, but they aren’t perfect. They cost money, take time, and can’t guarantee accurate responses. Surveys might also not be feasible in many of the poorest pockets of the world where they’re most needed, if these areas are too remote or dangerous; a recent World Bank analysis found that 29 countries had no poverty data at all from 2002 to 2011.
In its latest report titled Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty, the World Bank said higher food prices would increase the ranks of the urban poor by 32 percent.
The World Bank Group is committed to supporting Cambodia in addressing these challenges. Our mission is to end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost prosperity among the poorest 40 per cent in low- and middle-income countries.
